Pengaruh Fleksibilitas Kerja, Insentif, dan Stres Kerja terhadap Kinerja Driver ShopeeFood di Kota Semarang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35870/emt.v11i1.7925Keywords:
Work Flexibility, Incentive, Work Stress, Performance, ShopeefoodAbstract
The development of the gig economy increases the role of digital platform drivers in maintaining the quality of food delivery services. Driver performance is an important factor influenced by work flexibility, incentive systems, and work stress levels. This study aims to analyze the effect of work flexibility, incentives, and work stress on the performance of ShopeeFood Drivers in Semarang City. The study used a quantitative approach with the Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method through SmartPLS 4.1.1.8 software. The research sample consisted of 150 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique, with the criteria of domiciled in Semarang City, having an active ShopeeFood Driver account, and having been a driver for at least 1 year. The results showed that work flexibility had a negative and significant effect on driver performance, incentives had a positive and significant effect on driver performance, and work stress had a positive and significant effect on driver performance. These findings indicate that providing appropriate incentives and optimal work stress levels can improve driver performance, while excessive work flexibility does not necessarily have a positive impact on performance. This research provides implications that incentive system management, work flexibility control, and stress management need to be considered in improving ShopeeFood driver performance.
Downloads
References
Bissilisin, W. B., Fanggidae, R. E., Maak, C. S., & Timuneno, T. (2023). Pengaruh insentif dan fleksibilitas kerja terhadap kinerja driver GrabBike di Kota Kupang. Glory Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Ilmu Sosial, 4(3), 727-742. https://doi.org/10.35508/glory.v4i3.10516.
Dea, W. P. N., Samasta, A. S., Aqmala, D., & Putra, F. I. F. S. (2025). Determinan Kinerja Karyawan Coffee shop di Semarang Tengah. OIKOS: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 112-126.
Dong, J., Zhang, G., & Wu, L. (2025). Life against algorithmic management: A study on burnout and its influencing factors among food delivery riders. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1531541.
El Bourkadi, S. (2023). Uber structure’s managerial algorithmic communication and drivers’ health issues: Sensemaking of work strategic resistance. Frontiers in Communication, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1213679.
Felix, B., Dourado, D., & Nossa, V. (2023). Algorithmic management, preferences for autonomy/security, and gig-workers’ wellbeing: A matter of fit? Frontiers in Psychology, 14(2019). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1088183.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. saGe publications.
Irchamillah, I., & Hendriani, W. (2023). Pengaturan kerja fleksibel (FWA) dan implikasinya: Tinjauan literatur sistematis. Jurnal Psikologi: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan, 10(2), 280–295. https://doi.org/10.35891/jip.v10i2.3721.
Kurniawan, I. S., & Al Rizki, F. (2022). Pengaruh stres kerja, beban kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Perkebunan Mitra Ogan. Jurnal sosial dan sains, 2(1), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v2i1.316.
Novianti, S., & Wibowo, F. P. (2023). Pengaruh Motivasi, Kompensasi Dan Kepuasan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Kasus: PT. Kumnam Plant Indonesia). Prosiding: Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 3(1), 192-198.
Novianto, A., Wulansari, A. D., & Keban, Y. T. (2023). Searching for a better job: Indonesian gig workers and the limits of decent work agendas. Work, Organization, Labour and Globalisation, 17(2), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.17.2.0071.
Permana, M. Y., Izzati, N. R., & Askar, M. W. (2023). Measuring the gig economy in Indonesia: Typology, characteristics, and distribution. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4349942.
Pongsapan, T. I., Ramaditya, M., & Anjarwi, A. W. (2026). Psychological wellbeing in informal workers within the gig economy: The roles of social support, work–life balance, workload, and time pressure. Frontiers in Psychology, 17(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1783219.
Pramana, D., & Listyawati, I. (2025). Pengaruh fleksibilitas kerja, motivasi kerja, insentif kerja, dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja driver ojek online Grab di Kota Semarang. ECo-Buss, 8(1), 402–414. https://doi.org/10.32877/eb.v8i1.2692.
Prayoga, M. H., Sartika, M., Prayitno, A., & Ikasari, H. (2025). Dampak job insecurity, stres kerja, self-efficacy, dan kompetensi terhadap kinerja karyawan. EKOMA: Jurnal Ekonomi, 4(6), 8743–8761.
Putri, R., Wolor, C., & Marsofiyati, M. (2023). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan di PT XYZ Tangerang. Jurnal Manuhara: Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis, 1(4), 374–384.
Putu Gede Subhaktiyasa. (2024). PLS-SEM for multivariate analysis: A practical guide to educational research using SmartPLS. EduLine: Journal of Education and Learning Innovation, 4(3), 353–365. https://doi.org/10.35877/454ri.eduline2861.
Ran, X., & Zhao, Y. (2023). Behind the flexibility: Insufficient occupational injury protection of gig workers in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1117180.
Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (n.d.). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R.
Rois, I. (2025). Driver ShopeeFood di Kota Semarang dengan motivasi kerja. Jurnal Buss, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.53363/buss.v5i2.444.
Sanjoko, D. C., & Yusuf, M. G. (2025). Rethinking poverty reduction: The role of HDI components and labor force participation in Semarang. Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET), 4(2), 1166–1178. https://doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v4i2.785.
Song, L., & Jo, S. J. (2023). How job crafting behaviors influence the innovative behavior of knowledge workers in the gig economy: Based on the organismic integration theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(September), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1228881.
Suparman, D. R., Jajang, D., & Wahyudin, S. H. G. (2023). Pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Bekaert Indonesia, Karawang. Bisma: Jurnal Manajemen, 9(1), 47–53.
Ulhaq, R. Z., & Wardhani, M. F. (n.d.). Pengaruh kepemimpinan, fasilitas kerja, dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai Kelurahan di Kecamatan Kaliwungu, Kendal. Rahael.
Virginia, D. S., & Etikariena, A. (2021). Kegagalan kognitif karyawan di masa pandemi: Apakah pengaturan kerja fleksibel dan persepsi kontrol berperan? Gadjah Mada Journal of Psychology (GamaJoP), 7(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajop.60297.
Wan, Z., Zhang, L., Wang, L., & Zhang, F. (2024). Navigating autonomy: Unraveling the dual influence of job autonomy on workplace well-being in the gig economy. Frontiers in Psychology, 15(July), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1369495.
Wulandari, W., Nuraini, R., Maghfiroh, F., Darmawan, D., Halizah, S. N., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2022). Pengaruh kemampuan interpersonal, modal psikologi, dan dukungan supervisor terhadap kinerja tenaga penjualan. TIN: Terapan Informatika Nusantara, 3(4), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.47065/tin.v3i4.4103.
Yuliana, L. (2024). Peran insentif dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Kb Bank. Jurnal, 2.
Zaeniko Saputra, & Ikhsan Maksum. (2024). Fleksibilitas kerja dan OCB Islam perspektif terhadap kinerja karyawan: Kepuasan kerja sebagai mediasi. Jurnal Ekonomi, 29(3), 506–527. https://doi.org/10.24912/je.v29i3.2570.
Zhao, S., & Liu, Y. (2024). Job demands-resources on digital gig platforms and counterproductive work behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 15(September). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378247.
Zulfialdi, M. F., & Sulhan, M. (2023). JIMEA | Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, dan Akuntansi). Jurnal Ilmiah MEA, 7(2), 1346–1352.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2027 Fauzil Adhim Arifin, Mila Sartika, Diana Aqmala, Masitha Fahmi Wardhani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Copyright Retention and Open Access License
Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal non-exclusive right of first publication under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
This license allows unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2. Rights Granted Under CC BY 4.0
Under this license, readers are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use
- No additional restrictions — the licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as license terms are followed
3. Attribution Requirements
All uses must include:
- Proper citation of the original work
- Link to the Creative Commons license
- Indication if changes were made to the original work
- No suggestion that the licensor endorses the user or their use
4. Additional Distribution Rights
Authors may:
- Deposit the published version in institutional repositories
- Share through academic social networks
- Include in books, monographs, or other publications
- Post on personal or institutional websites
Requirement: All additional distributions must maintain the CC BY 4.0 license and proper attribution.
5. Self-Archiving and Pre-Print Sharing
Authors are encouraged to:
- Share pre-prints and post-prints online
- Deposit in subject-specific repositories (e.g., arXiv, bioRxiv)
- Engage in scholarly communication throughout the publication process
6. Open Access Commitment
This journal provides immediate open access to all content, supporting the global exchange of knowledge without financial, legal, or technical barriers.
