Published: 2026-10-01
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional, dan Beban Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Provinsi Jawa Tengah
DOI: 10.35870/emt.v10i4.6646
Abstract
Employee performance in government institutions still faces various obstacles that need to be addressed. This study aims to analyze the effect of work environment, transformational leadership style, and workload on employee performance at the National Unity and Politics Agency of Central Java Province. This study employed a quantitative associative method using a census technique involving 89 active employees as respondents. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS 25. The results indicate that work environment has no significant effect on employee performance (sig. 0.078), whereas transformational leadership style (sig. 0.000) and workload (sig. 0.000) have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Simultaneously, all three variables significantly influence employee performance with a contribution of 55.9%. In conclusion, transformational leadership style and proportional workload management are the dominant factors in improving employee performance compared to work environment conditions.
Keywords
Work Environment; Transformational Leadership Style; Workload; Employee Performance; Government Institution
Article Information
This article has been peer-reviewed and published in the Jurnal EMT KITA. The content is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
-
Issue: Vol. 10 No. 4 (2026)
-
Section: Articles
-
Published: 2026-10-01
-
License: CC BY 4.0
-
Copyright: © 2026 Authors
-
DOI: 10.35870/emt.v10i4.6646
AI Research Hub
This article is indexed and available through various AI-powered research tools and citation platforms. Our AI Research Hub ensures that scholarly work is discoverable, accessible, and easily integrated into the global research ecosystem.
Almun Farida Hanum Az-Zahra, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang, Kota Semarang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
Raden Ayu Aminah Rizkia Puspita Sari, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang, Kota Semarang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
Sih Darmi Astuti, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang, Kota Semarang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
Adilla Kustya Ulfa, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang, Kota Semarang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
Diana Aqmala, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang, Kota Semarang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
-
Andre, M., Ramos, W., Figueiredo, P. S., & Pereira-Guizzo, C. (2025). Antecedents of innovation in industry factors on creative performance. International Journal of Innovation Management, 15(3), 269–285. https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-05-2018-0032.
-
Andriyani, N. (2020). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan dan motivasi kerja sebagai variabel intervening pada PT Aquavue Vision Internasional. Jurnal STIEBI, 15(1), 24–32.
-
Arif, H. (2025). The impact of workload on employee performance at PT. Arista Auto Prima Pekanbaru. Global Insights in Management and Economic Research, 1(01), 01–05. https://doi.org/10.53905/gimer.v1i01.1.
-
Badrianto, Y., Ekhsan, M., & Mulyati, C. (2022). Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja dan beban kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Nutrifood Indonesia bagian fillpack. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi & Ekonomi Syariah), 5(1), 1–10.
-
Bie, A., & Kubiciel-Lodzi, S. (2025). Enhancing migrants’ job performance: The role of employees’ dynamic capabilities driven by the. Construction Economics and Building, 33(2), 199–218. https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-04-2024-0142.
-
Chowhan, J., & Pike, K. (2025). Workload, work–life interface, stress, job satisfaction and job performance: A job demand–resource model study during COVID-19. International Journal of Management, 44(4), 653–670. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-05-2022-0254.
-
Dilla, N. (2025). Peran budaya organisasi dan kepemimpinan dalam peningkatan kinerja karyawan rumah sakit: Literatur tinjauan. International Journal of Health and Educational Sciences Studies, 7(1).
-
Herm, G., & Lucas, A. C. (2025). Transformational leadership addressing team performance: Situational challenges in. Journal of Workplace Learning, 001. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-08-2024-0115.
-
Husain, B. A., & Novendri, I. (2026). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Bumi Berkah Boga Jakarta Selatan. Jurnal Riset Bisnis, 9(1), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.32493/drb.v9i1.54825.
-
Indrayana, D. S., Ibnu, F., & Sukono, F. (2024). Pengaruh beban kerja, stres kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 2(1), 9–18.
-
Irfan, M., & Sukoco, A. (2024). The influence of work environment and workload on the employee performance of Surabaya regional health laboratory with work motivation as an intervening variable. International Journal of Economics and Business Development, 07(06), 1258–1270. https://doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v7i6.3007.
-
Jaroliya, D. (2026). Transformational leadership style: A boost or hindrance to team performance in IT sector. Journal of Management Development, 19(1), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.1108/XJM-10-2020-0167.
-
Juyumaya, J., Tom, U. S., Torres-Ochoa, C., & Tom, U. S. (2025). Boosting job performance: The impact of autonomy, engagement and age. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 31(4), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.1108/REGE-09-2023-0108.
-
Khotimah, K. (2024). Pengaruh beban kerja, stres kerja dan lingkungan kerja fisik terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Rajawali Dwi Putra Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 9(9).
-
Kurniawan, F. (2024). Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, motivasi kerja, dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PDAM Sleman. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 13(05), 1695–1707.
-
Miheli, K. K., Zupan, N., & Merku, A. (2025). I feel the need – the need for speed! Unreasonable tasks, work pace, psychological detachment and emotional exhaustion. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 11(1), 162–177. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-07-2021-0185.
-
Panca, A. R., Purusa, N. A., Aqmala, D., & Wibowo, E. S. (2024). Pengaruh kompensasi, lingkungan kerja, dan perceived organizational support (POS) terhadap retensi karyawan pada PT. Saprotan Utama Nusantara Semarang. Economics and Digital Business Review, 5(1), 139–152.
-
Putri, S. A. (2025). Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan Salsabilla Anjani Putri. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 3. https://doi.org/10.61132/maeswara.v3i4.2104.
-
Rizqullah, N. (2024). The influence of transformational leadership. Jurnal Manajemen, 3(3), 681–690.
-
Rojak, J. A., Witjaksono, A. D., & Kistyanto, A. (2024). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational culture on employee performance. Jurnal Manajemen, 5, 977–990.
-
Rokhayati, I., Setiawan, H., & Jordi Bagaskara, B. (2022). Pengaruh komunikasi, disiplin kerja, gaya kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Majalah Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 19(2), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.55303/mimb.v19i2.149.
-
Saputri, & Farhani. (2024). Pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Karya Jalur Bersama Desa Tamiyang Kecamatan Tanta Kabupaten Tabalong. Jurnal Manajemen, 7.
-
Susanti, F., & Firdaus. (2022). Analisis perbandingan kinerja pegawai. Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi, 2(1), 104–109.
-
Tiari, F. (2024). Pengaruh beban kerja dan stres kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada kantor kelurahan Cigugur Tengah. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 10(4), 2179–2185.
-
Tindaon, Y., & H. S. (2025). Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja, dan penghargaan terhadap kinerja karyawan (Studi pada karyawan Lulu Hypermarket Department Store Cabang BSD Tangerang). Anggaran: Jurnal Publikasi Ekonomi dan Akuntansi, 3(2).
-
Voordt, T. Van Der. (2025). The impact of healthy workplaces on employee satisfaction, productivity and costs. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 25(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRE-03-2021-0012.
-
Wahongan, J. L., Ogi, I. W. J., Tielung, M. V. J., Kinerja, A., Dalam, P., Administrasi, P., Di, P., Tielung, M. V. J., Manajemen, J., & Ekonomi, F. (2024). Jurnal EMBA, 12(4), 225–236.
-
Wijaya, I., Astuti, S. D., Waluyo, D. E., & Chasanah, A. N. (2025). A mediation analysis of work engagement in the relationship between transformational leadership, organizational culture, and OCB. Journal of Accounting, Management, and Economics Research, 3(2), 1–16.
-
Zuhaena, F., & Cahyo, H. (2022). Pengaruh kepemimpinan, disiplin kerja, motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Forensik, 4(4), 743–749. https://doi.org/10.30872/jfor.v24i4.11737.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Copyright Retention and Open Access License
Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal non-exclusive right of first publication under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
This license allows unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2. Rights Granted Under CC BY 4.0
Under this license, readers are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use
- No additional restrictions — the licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as license terms are followed
3. Attribution Requirements
All uses must include:
- Proper citation of the original work
- Link to the Creative Commons license
- Indication if changes were made to the original work
- No suggestion that the licensor endorses the user or their use
4. Additional Distribution Rights
Authors may:
- Deposit the published version in institutional repositories
- Share through academic social networks
- Include in books, monographs, or other publications
- Post on personal or institutional websites
Requirement: All additional distributions must maintain the CC BY 4.0 license and proper attribution.
5. Self-Archiving and Pre-Print Sharing
Authors are encouraged to:
- Share pre-prints and post-prints online
- Deposit in subject-specific repositories (e.g., arXiv, bioRxiv)
- Engage in scholarly communication throughout the publication process
6. Open Access Commitment
This journal provides immediate open access to all content, supporting the global exchange of knowledge without financial, legal, or technical barriers.