All manuscripts must be written in English. Authors whose first language is not English are strongly encouraged to have their manuscript professionally proofread before submission.

Manuscripts must be submitted in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) format. PDF files are not accepted for initial submission. Please use the official manuscript template available on the journal website.

Yes. Authors are required to use the official manuscript template provided on the journal website. Using the template ensures your manuscript meets formatting requirements and reduces the likelihood of being returned before review.

Manuscripts should be between 4,000 and 8,000 words, excluding references. Manuscripts significantly outside this range may be returned for revision prior to peer review.

This journal uses the APA 7th Edition referencing style. The use of a reference management tool such as Mendeley, Zotero, or EndNote is strongly recommended to ensure accuracy and consistency.

The abstract should be a structured abstract of 150–250 words, covering five elements: Background, Objective, Method, Results, and Conclusion. Do not include citations in the abstract.

Please provide 4 to 6 keywords, separated by semicolons. Keywords should be specific and accurately reflect the core topics of your research. Avoid using terms already present in the title.

Extended versions of conference papers may be considered, provided the journal version contains at least 50% new and original content compared to the conference version, and the original conference paper is properly cited and disclosed in the cover letter.

Remove all author names, affiliations, acknowledgements, and any self-identifying references from the manuscript file before uploading. Also check the document's file properties (Author field) and remove any identifying metadata.

The typical timeline is: Initial screening (1–2 weeks) → Peer review (4–6 weeks) → Editorial decision (1–2 weeks). Total estimated time from submission to first decision is approximately 6–10 weeks.

Yes. Authors may suggest potential reviewers during submission. Suggested reviewers must have relevant expertise, no conflict of interest with the authors, and a valid institutional email address. The editorial team retains full authority over the final selection.

Yes. Authors may request the exclusion of specific individuals by providing a brief justification in the "Comments to the Editor" field during submission. The editorial team will take such requests into consideration.

Please refer to the journal's APC information page for current fee details. The journal is committed to full transparency regarding all publication charges. Authors will be informed of any applicable fees prior to acceptance.

Yes. Authors from low-income countries or those experiencing financial hardship may apply for a full or partial fee waiver. Requests must be submitted to the editorial team before or at the time of submission. Waiver decisions do not influence the peer review outcome.

Yes. Authors retain full copyright of their published work. By submitting to this journal, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive license to publish and distribute the article in all formats.

The acceptable overall similarity index is below 20%, with no single source exceeding 5%. Self-plagiarism — reuse of the authors' own previously published work without proper citation — is also considered a violation of publication ethics.

AI tools are permitted for grammar checking, language editing, and paraphrasing. However, AI tools may not be listed as authors. Any use must be disclosed in the Acknowledgements section, specifying the tool used and the nature of its use.

Yes, for research involving human subjects, animals, or sensitive data. Authors must provide documentation of ethics committee approval within the manuscript. If ethics approval was not required, authors must include a statement explaining why.

If misconduct is discovered after publication, the journal reserves the right to issue a correction, expression of concern, or retraction in accordance with COPE guidelines.

Yes. Authors may request withdrawal before acceptance by contacting the editorial team. Once a manuscript has been accepted and is in production, withdrawal may not be possible or may incur an administrative fee.

Upon acceptance, the manuscript proceeds to production: copyediting, typesetting, and proofreading. Authors will be asked to review and approve the final proof before publication. The article will then be published online and assigned a DOI.

Yes. All published articles are assigned a unique Digital Object Identifier (DOI) via Crossref, ensuring permanent and reliable access to the published work.

Yes. Under the CC BY 4.0 license, you are free to share, distribute, and reuse your published article in any medium, provided appropriate credit is given. You may post the final published version on your personal website, institutional repository, or platforms such as ResearchGate or Academia.edu.

A suggested citation in APA 7th Edition format will be provided on the article's landing page after publication. You may also use the DOI link to ensure accurate and permanent citation.

Click the Forgot your password? link on the login page and enter your registered email address. A password reset link will be sent to your email within a few minutes.

Ensure your file is in .doc or .docx format and does not exceed 10 MB. If the problem persists, try using a different browser (Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox is recommended) or contact the editorial team for assistance.

For any questions not addressed in this FAQ, please contact the editorial team via the Contact Us page. We aim to respond to all inquiries within 3–5 working days.