Main Content
Lembaga Kita Journal Portal
Open Access Articles

Analisis Manajemen Risiko Internal dan Eksternal terhadap Profitabilitas melalui Efisiensi Operasional Perbankan pada Bank Swasta Milik Asing Periode 2020–2024

  • Reza Nugraha1
  • Rachmawaty Rachmawaty2*
  • Ifa Nurmasari3
1,2,3 Universitas Pamulang image/svg+xml
* Corresponding Author: Rachmawaty Rachmawaty
COVER JURNAL EMT KITA Vol 11 No 1 Januari 2027

Abstract

This research was conducted to determine and analyze the influence of liquidity risk (LDR), credit risk (NPL), and the Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) Index on profitability (ROA), mediated by banking operational efficiency (BOPO). The research focuses on the Foreign-Owned Private Banking Sector listed under the Financial Services Authority (OJK) during the 2020–2024 period. The analytical techniques include descriptive statistical analysis, panel data regression. Hypothesis testing was performed through the F-test, t-test, and coefficient of determination. The results partially indicate that liquidity risk does not have a significant effect on profitability, with a probability value of 0,0587 (p > Sig 0,05). Conversely, credit risk and the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index are found to significantly influence profitability, with probability values of 0,0310 and 0,0003, respectively (p < 0,05). Operational efficiency is also confirmed to have a significant effect on profitability, yielding a probability value of 0,0000 (p < Sig 0,05). With respect to the intervening variable, liquidity risk does not significantly affect operational efficiency, as indicated by a probability value of 0.4926 (p > Sig 0,05). In contrast, credit risk and the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index significantly affect operational efficiency, with probability values of 0,0420 and 0,0020, respectively (p < Sig 0,05). Simultaneously, all independent variables exert a significant influence on profitability, with a probability value of 0,0000 (p < Sig 0,05), and the model demonstrates a coefficient of determination of 93,84%.

Keywords

Liquidity Risk Credit Risk Economic Policy Uncertainty Index Banking Operational Efficiency Profitability

How to Cite

Citation Format
Nugraha, R., Rachmawaty, R., & Nurmasari, I. (2027). Analisis Manajemen Risiko Internal dan Eksternal terhadap Profitabilitas melalui Efisiensi Operasional Perbankan pada Bank Swasta Milik Asing Periode 2020–2024. Jurnal EMT KITA, 11(1), 349-360. https://doi.org/10.35870/emt.v11i1.8491

References

32 References
  • Athari, S. A. (2020). Domestic and global economic policy uncertainty and bank profitability in an emerging market: Evidence from Turkey. Borsa Istanbul Review, 20(4), 318–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2020.04.001.
  • Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2016). Measuring economic policy uncertainty. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(4), 1593–1636. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw024.
  • Ben-Ahmed, H., Ghnimi, F., & Hasnaoui, A. (2022). Risk management and bank performance: Evidence from the MENA region. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 30(3), 329–358. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-06-2021-0046.
  • Brigham, E. F., & Ehrhardt, M. C. (2019). Financial management: Theory and practice (16th ed.). Cengage Learning.
  • Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2019). Fundamentals of financial management (15th ed.). Cengage Learning.
  • Damanik, R. (2025). Pengaruh efisiensi operasional dan risiko kredit terhadap profitabilitas perbankan. Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan, 29(1), 45–58.
  • De Leon, M. V. (2020). Credit risk and bank performance in ASEAN countries. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no8.123.
  • Habriyanto, H., Setiawan, A., & Kurniati, R. (2023). Integrasi manajemen risiko likuiditas dan performa operasional perbankan. Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 11(2), 89–101.
  • Hamdouni, A. (2025). Liquidity management and commercial bank profitability in Saudi Arabia (2020–2024). Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 15(1), 12–25.
  • Handoko, T. H., & Wijaya, A. (2023). Manajemen: Prinsip-prinsip dasar dan aplikasi kontemporer. BPFE Yogyakarta.
  • Hani, F., Pratama, A., & Rahayu, S. (2023). Pengaruh BOPO terhadap Return on Assets (ROA) pada bank syariah di Indonesia periode 2019–2023. Jurnal Perbankan Syariah, 5(2), 110–122.
  • Haris, M., Tan, Q., & Malik, A. I. (2024). Credit risk, efficiency, and profitability in the banking sector: Post-pandemic evidence. Journal of Banking Regulation, 25(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-023-00220-1.
  • Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2022). Manajemen: Dasar, pengertian, dan masalah. Bumi Aksara.
  • Hutapea, B., Sitorus, T., & Tampubolon, R. (2024). Sensitivity of credit risk profile on cost efficiency of large-scale banks. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 16(3), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n3p77.
  • Kurniati, E., & Asmirawati. (2022). Merger dan akuisisi: Strategi dan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Penerbit Deepublish.
  • Luo, Y., Zhang, X., & Wang, Y. (2024). Corporate governance, economic uncertainty, and technical efficiency in global banking. Journal of Corporate Finance, 84, 102510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2023.102510.
  • Marjohan. (2024). Peran efisiensi biaya dalam mengoptimalkan kinerja keuangan dan profitabilitas perbankan. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 12(1), 34–46.
  • Mateev, M., Tariq, A., & Al-Jafari, M. K. (2024). Bank efficiency, non-performing loans, and profitability: A multi-country examination. Research in International Business and Finance, 68, 102145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.102145.
  • McKinsey & Company. (2025). Global banking annual review 2025: Navigating structural shifts. McKinsey & Company.
  • OECD. (2025). OECD economic outlook, interim report March 2025: Steering through uncertainty. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/7b29a209-en.
  • Ozili, P. K., & Arun, T. (2022). Economic policy uncertainty and bank profitability: International evidence. International Review of Economics & Finance, 77, 413–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2021.10.013.
  • Rahmawati, D., Wibowo, A., & Nugroho, S. (2025). Determinan efisiensi operasional pada bank dengan fundamental kuat. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 16(1), 55–67.
  • Said, A. K. (2017). Manajemen dan teori aplikasi. Alfabeta.
  • Salamah, U., & Puspitasari, E. (2019). Pengaruh Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) terhadap profitabilitas perbankan. Jurnal Fokus Ekonomi, 14(2), 201–215.
  • Tarigan, H. (2016). Aspek hukum merger dan akuisisi perusahaan di Indonesia. Sinar Grafika.
  • Ullah, A., Pinglu, C., & Ullah, S. (2023). Foreign ownership, risk management, and bank profitability: Evidence from emerging economies. Financial Innovation, 9(1), Article 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-022-00435-w.
  • Wahyudi, S., Sugeng, W., & Prasetyo, H. (2024). Dampak Economic Policy Uncertainty terhadap biaya operasional bank. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 27(1), 99–112.
  • Wahyuni, S., & Umam, K. (2023). Analisis pengaruh BOPO terhadap Return on Assets (ROA) pada perbankan nasional. Jurnal Manajemen Keuangan, 8(2), 143–154.
  • Wen, F., Li, C., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Economic policy uncertainty and corporate investment behavior: Evidence from emerging markets. Economic Modelling, 95, 240–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.12.021.
  • Wilantari, R. N., Sukono, & Supian, S. (2020). Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on banking sector: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Financial Studies, 8(3), Article 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8030042.
  • Yudiansyah, & Ruhadi. (2020). Determinan kinerja keuangan perbankan: Analisis efisiensi operasional. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 8(1), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.17509/jrak.v8i1.21852.
  • Zuhroh, I., & Rofik, M. (2024). Global Economic Policy Uncertainty and Islamic bank performance: Cross-country analysis. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 10(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v10i1.1712.

Author Biographies

Reza Nugraha, Universitas Pamulang

Program Studi Magister Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Pamulang, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Provinsi Banten, Indonesia.

Rachmawaty Rachmawaty, Universitas Pamulang

Program Studi Magister Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Pamulang, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Provinsi Banten, Indonesia.

Ifa Nurmasari, Universitas Pamulang

Program Studi Magister Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Pamulang, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Provinsi Banten, Indonesia.

License

Copyright (c) 2027 Reza Nugraha, Rachmawaty Rachmawaty, Ifa Nurmasari

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This is an open-access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction, and adaptation in any medium (even commercially), provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s), a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated. Authors retain copyright without restrictions and grant the journal the right of first publication as well as non-exclusive publishing rights for archiving, indexing, and scholarly dissemination.

Downloads

OJS UsageStats Plugin
Download data is not yet available.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Contrimetric

Recommended Articles