Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance, Financial Distress, dan Kualitas Audit terhadap Fraud Laporan Keuangan (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Farmasi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2020-2023)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35870/emt.v9i3.4225Keywords:
Financial Statement Fraud, Good Corporate Governance, Managerial Ownership, Independent Commissioners, Financial Distress, Quality AuditAbstract
Financial statements have an important role for the company's internal and external parties. However, the rampant practice of fraud, especially in pharmaceutical companies, demands high integrity in its presentation. This study analyzes the influence of independent commissioners, managerial ownership, financial distress, and audit quality on financial statement fraud in 30 pharmaceutical companies listed on the IDX for the 2020-2023 period, using multiple linear regression. The results of the analysis show that independent commissioners and managerial ownership have no effect on financial statement fraud, while financial distress and audit quality have a significant effect. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening the role of independent commissioners and improving audit quality. It is recommended that further research include other sectors for a broader comparison as well as adding variables such as company size and profitability. A mixed-methods approach, including interviews with management and auditors, can enrich an understanding of financial statement fraud prevention.
Downloads
References
Afonso, O., Bandeira, A. M., & Lima, P. G. (2022). Growth and welfare effects of corruption penalties. Economic Systems, 46(3), 101004.
Agustiawan, A. (2019). Pengaruh tindakan korupsi terhadap Kinerja organisasi Sektor publik. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Ekonomika, 9(2), 175-182.
Akman, B., & AH, D. S. (2018). Pengaruh Korupsi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Pembangunan, 3(4), 531-538.
Alfada, A. (2019). The destructive effect of corruption on economic growth in Indonesia: A threshold model. Heliyon, 5(10).
Al-Hajaya, K. (2019). The impact of audit committee effectiveness on audit quality: Evidence from the Middle East. International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(5), 1.
Amelia, W., & Hernawati, E. (2016). Pengaruh Komisaris independen, ukuran perusahaan dan profitabilitas terhadap manajemen laba. Neo-Bis, 10(1), 62-77. https://doi.org/10.21107/nbs.v10i1.1584.
Andriani, R. (2019). PENGARUH FRAUD TRIANGLE TERHADAP KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Tirtayasa, 4(1), 64-74. https://dx.doi.org/10.35448/jratirtayasa.v4i1.5485.
Angelina, T. N., & Chariri, A. (2022). Pengaruh proporsi dewan komisaris independen, aktivitas komite audit, dan kepemilikan manajerial terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 11(4).
Anisa, W. N., & Prastiwi, A. (2012). Pengaruh financial expertise of committee audit members, kepemilikan manajerial, ukuran perusahaan, dan leverage terhadap terjadinya kecurangan pelaporan keuangan. Journal Accounting, 1(1), 119-128.
Annafi, G. D., & Yudowati, S. P. (2021). Analisis financial distress, profitabilitas, dan materialitas terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. Jurnal Akuntansi Kompetif, 4(3), 255-262.
Aprilia, I. (2019). Determinan akuntabilitas dan transparansi pengelolaan alokasi dana desa dan dampaknya terhadap kepercayaan masyarakat. Akurasi: Jurnal Studi Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 2(2), 109-122. https://doi.org/10.29303/akurasi.v2i2.18.
Basmar, N. A., & Ruslan. (2021). Analisis perbandingan model Beneish M score dan fraud score dalam mendeteksi kecurangan laporan keuangan. SEIKO: Journal of Management & Business, 4(2), 428–440. https://doi.org/10.37531/sejaman.v4i2.1439.
Christian, N., Resnika, R., Yukie, H., Sitorus, R., Angelina, V., Sherly, S., & Febrika, F. (2022). Pendeteksian fraudulent financial reporting dengan earnings manipulation financial shenanigans: Studi kasus PT Envy Technologies Indonesia Tbk. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 7(1), 14-50. https://doi.org/10.38043/jiab.v7i1.3543.
d’Agostino, G., Dunne, J. P., & Pieroni, L. (2016). Government spending, corruption and economic growth. World development, 84, 190-205.
DeAngelo, L. E. (1981). Auditor independence,‘low balling’, and disclosure regulation. Journal of accounting and Economics, 3(2), 113-127.
Duerrenberger, N., & Warning, S. (2018). Corruption and education in developing countries: The role of public vs. private funding of higher education. International Journal of Educational Development, 62, 217-225.
Elviani, D., Ali, S., & Kurniawan, R. (2020). Pengaruh kecurangan laporan keuangan terhadap nilai perusahaan: Ditinjau dari perspektif fraud pentagon (Kasus di Indonesia). Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 20(1), 121. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v20i1.828.
Fadhilah, N. H. K., Agustin, T. S., Novitasari, S. A., Mulyadi, W., & Paulina, E. (2023). Analisis Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan Dalam Perspektif Fraud Pentagon. Jurnal Aktiva: Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 5(2), 92-109.
Fatah, S. (2024). Analisis Faktor Penyebab Financial Distress Melalui Fraud Pentagon Theory dengan Financial Statement Fraud sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Doctoral dissertation, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember).
Finocchiaro Castro, M., Guccio, C., & Rizzo, I. (2014). An assessment of the waste effects of corruption on infrastructure provision. International Tax and Public Finance, 21, 813-843.
Gründler, K., & Potrafke, N. (2019). Corruption and economic growth: New empirical evidence. European Journal of Political Economy, 60, 101810.
Habib, S., Abdelmonen, S., & Khaled, M. (2020). The effect of corruption on the environmental quality in African countries: a panel quantile regression analysis. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 11(2), 788-804.
Hardiningsih, I., & Purnamasari, P. (2021). Pengaruh kualitas audit dan auditor switching terhadap kecurangan pelaporan keuangan. https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v4i1.7761.
Ichvani, L. F., & Sasana, H. (2019). Pengaruh korupsi, konsumsi, pengeluaran pemerintah dan keterbukaan perdagangan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di ASEAN 5. Jurnal REP (Riset Ekonomi Pembangunan), 4(1), 61-72.
Inayati, N. I., & Azizah, S. N. (2021). The effect of audit quality, managerial ownership, and audit committee on the integrity of financial statements (Empirical study on manufacturing companies listed on the IDX 2015-2019). Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Pajak, 22(1), 151. https://doi.org/10.29040/jap.v22i1.2613.
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Also published in foundations of organizational strategy. Journal of Financial Economics, 4, 305-360.
Kardhianti, O. K., & Srimindarti, C. (2022). Pengaruh Manajemen laba dan good corporate governance terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 4(Spesial Issue 3), 961-981.
Khadim, N., & Jaffar, S. T. A. (2021). Effects of corruption on public infrastructure projects in developing countries: the case of Pakistan. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 15(4).
Khomariah, O. A., & Khomsiyah, K. (2023a). Pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial, kinerja keuangan, dan kualitas audit terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. Owner, 7(4), 3610–3620. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v7i4.1734.
Khomariah, O. A., & Khomsiyah, K. (2023b). Pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial, kinerja keuangan, dan kualitas audit terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. Owner, 7(4), 3610–3620. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v7i4.1734.
Kuang, T. M., & Natalia, E. (2023). Pengujian fraud triangle theory dalam menjelaskan kecurangan laporan keuangan menggunakan Beneish M-score. Owner, 7(2), 1752–1764. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v7i2.1296.
Kurniawan, D., & Reskino, R. (2023). Peran Good Corporate Governance terhadap Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan: Perspektif Fraud Pentagon pada Kementerian dan Lembaga Pemerintah. Kompartemen: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 21(1), 111-129.
Lestari, M. I., & Florensi, V. (2022). Deteksi fraudulent financial statement: Pengujian dengan analisis proksi fraud triangle. Jurnal Bina Akuntansi, 9(1), 107-125.
Lestari, S. A., Susena, K. C., & Irwanto, T. (2023). Pengaruh Persepsi Korupsi Pajak, Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Pengetahuan Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. EKOMBIS REVIEW: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 11(2), 1069-1086.
Luu, H. N., Nguyen, N. M., Ho, H. H., & Nam, V. H. (2019). The effect of corruption on FDI and its modes of entry. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 11(2), 232-250.
Lv, Z., & Gao, Z. (2021). The effect of corruption on environmental performance: does spatial dependence play a role?. Economic Systems, 45(2), 100773.
Milania, S. D., & Triyono, T. (2022). Pengaruh fraud pentagon terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan dengan menggunakan Beneish M-score model. Jurnal Impresi Indonesia, 1(3), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.36418/jii.v1i3.31.
Nila Sari, P., & Husadha, C. (2020). Pengaruh corporate governance terhadap indikasi fraud dalam pelaporan keuangan. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Manajemen (JIAM), 16(1).
Nugroho, A. A., Baridwan, Z., & Mardiati, E. (2018). Pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas, leverage, dan corporate governance terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan, serta financial distress sebagai variabel intervening. Media Trend, 13(2), 219. https://doi.org/10.21107/mediatrend.v13i2.4065.
Nuraisyah, R. P., & Setiawati, E. (2024). Pengaruh corporate governance terhadap financial statement fraud. YUME: Journal of Management, 7(2).
Nurdiana, I., & Khusnah, H. (2023). Pengaruh financial distress, female CEO, profitabilitas, opportunity dan materialitas terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 12(1), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.32639/jiak.v12i1.300.
Octariyanti, D. R., & Zaenuddin, M. (2022). Pengaruh Fraud Diamond terhadap Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan. Jurnal Akuntansi, Ekonomi dan Manajemen Bisnis, 10(2), 100-110.
Oktavia, S., Bahari, A., & Kartika, R. (2022). Pengaruh elemen fraud hexagon theory terhadap fraud laporan keuangan. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Ekonomika, 12(2), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.37859/jae.v12i2.4207.
Panda, B., & Leepsa, N. M. (2017). Agency theory: Review of theory and evidence on problems and perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1), 74–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686217701467.
Pratama, R., & Puspitasari, W. (2022). Pengaruh financial distress terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 2(2), 703–718. https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v2i2.14555.
Pratiwi, D. E., & Rohman, A. (2021). Pengaruh independensi, skeptisme profesional, pengalaman audit, kualitas audit, audit tenure, dan prosedur audit terhadap tanggung jawab auditor dalam mengatasi kecurangan pada laporan keuangan (Studi empiris pada auditor kantor akuntan publik di kota Semarang).
Putri, F. T., & Hariadi, B. (2023a). Pengaruh financial distress terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan dengan good corporate governance sebagai variabel moderasi (Vol. 2).
Putri, F. T., & Hariadi, B. (2023b). Pengaruh financial distress terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan dengan good corporate governance sebagai variabel moderasi (Vol. 2).
Putri, L. M., & Qinthatarah, Y. N. (2023). Pengaruh financial target, ineffective monitoring, dan financial distress terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan.
Rahayu, D. (2023). Pengaruh mekanisme good corporate governance dan periode terjadi covid19 terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan perbankan Indonesia. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi), 9(3), 762–773. https://doi.org/10.35870/jemsi.v9i3.1133.
Rahmasari, L. (2023). Analisis pengaruh financial distress dan fraud hexagon terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan.
Rahmawati, S. N., & Rohma, F. F. (2024). Pengaruh kepemilikan keluarga dan tata kelola perusahaan terhadap kinerja berkelanjutan. Nominal: Barometer Riset Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 13(2), 159–169. https://doi.org/10.21831/nominal.v13i2.65278.
Revaldi, N. W., & Simbolon, R. F. (2023). Pengaruh kualitas audit, audit tenure, dan nature of industry terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan pada perusahaan infrastruktur yang terdaftar di BEI periode. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Finansial Indonesia, 6(2).
Rumapea, M., Elisabeth, D. M., & Monica, D. (2022). Pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial, karakteristik komite audit, ukuran perusahaan dan leverage terhadap kecurangan pelaporan keuangan pada perusahaan non-keuangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
Sari, S. P., & Nugroho, N. K. (2020). Financial statements fraud dengan pendekatan vousinas fraud hexagon model: Tinjauan pada perusahaan terbuka di Indonesia 26.
Sintyawati, N. L. A., & Dewi S, M. R. (2018). Pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial, kepemilikan institusional dan leverage terhadap biaya keagenan pada perusahaan manufaktur. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 7(2), 933. https://doi.org/10.24843/ejmunud.2018.v7.i02.p16.
Sofyani, H., & Tahar, A. (2021). Peran akuntabilitas dan transparansi pemerintah desa Indonesia terhadap kepercayaan masyarakat desa: Kasus di Kabupaten Bantul. Jurnal Akademi Akuntansi, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.22219/jaa.v4i1.16481.
Sugita, S., & Khomsiyah, K. (2023). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System Terhadap Fraud pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal sosial dan sains, 3(7), 686-697.
Susiana, & Herawaty, A. (2007). Analisis pengaruh independensi, mekanisme corporate governance, dan kualitas audit terhadap integritas laporan keuangan.
Swaleheen, M., B. A. M. S., & T. A. (2019). Corruption and public spending on education and health.
Syafitri, M., Ermaya, H. N. L., & Putra, A. M. (2021). Dampak corporate governance, financial stability, dan financial target dalam kecurangan laporan keuangan.
Syaputra, M. (2020). Determinan faktor kemungkinan terjadinya fraud pada laporan keuangan. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Auditing E, 7(1).
Talu, N., & Wahyuningsih, D. (2023). Pengaruh financial distress, leverage, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap integritas laporan keuangan.
Utami, R. R., Murni, Y., & Azizah, W. (2022). Pengaruh financial target, ineffective monitoring, pergantian auditor, dan perubahan direksi terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. Widyakala: Journal of Pembangunan Jaya University, 9(2), 99. https://doi.org/10.36262/widyakala.v9i2.572.
Verya, E., I. N., & H. R. A. (2017). The analysis of firm size, leverage and good corporate governance on financial statement integrity (Empirical study on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia). JOM Fekon, 4(1).
Wahfiuddin, M., & Subekti, I. (2023). Pengaruh kualitas audit dan tata kelola perusahaan terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan (Vol. 2).
Wahfiuddin, M., Subekti, I., & Wahfiuddin Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, M. (2023). Pengaruh kualitas audit dan tata kelola perusahaan terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan (Vol. 2).
Wahyudi, M. A., & Dewayanto, T. (2023). Analisis pengaruh good corporate governance terhadap financial statement fraud (Studi empiris pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2019-2021).
Widowati, A. I., & Oktoriza, L. A. (2021). Analisis corporate governance terhadap financial statement fraud.
Wulandari, D., & Romandhon, R. (2023). Analisis fraud diamond untuk mendeteksi terjadinya kecurangan laporan keuangan di bank umum syariah. Journal of Economic, Management, Accounting and Technology, 6(2), 286–294. https://doi.org/10.32500/jematech.v6i2.4696.
Yan, B., & Wen, B. (2020). Income inequality, corruption and subjective well-being. Applied Economics, 52(12), 1311-1326.
Yusup, T. L., Purnamasari, P., Maemunah, M., Akuntansi, P., Ekonomi, F., & Bisnis, D. (2021). Pengaruh independensi komite audit dan kepemilikan manajerial terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. https://doi.org/10.29313/.v7i1.26243.
Zangina, S., & Hassan, S. (2020). Corruption and FDI inflow to Nigeria: a nonlinear ARDL approach. Journal of Financial crime, 27(2), 635-650.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Putu Dian Niati, Khairudin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Copyright Retention and Open Access License
Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal non-exclusive right of first publication under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
This license allows unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2. Rights Granted Under CC BY 4.0
Under this license, readers are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use
- No additional restrictions — the licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as license terms are followed
3. Attribution Requirements
All uses must include:
- Proper citation of the original work
- Link to the Creative Commons license
- Indication if changes were made to the original work
- No suggestion that the licensor endorses the user or their use
4. Additional Distribution Rights
Authors may:
- Deposit the published version in institutional repositories
- Share through academic social networks
- Include in books, monographs, or other publications
- Post on personal or institutional websites
Requirement: All additional distributions must maintain the CC BY 4.0 license and proper attribution.
5. Self-Archiving and Pre-Print Sharing
Authors are encouraged to:
- Share pre-prints and post-prints online
- Deposit in subject-specific repositories (e.g., arXiv, bioRxiv)
- Engage in scholarly communication throughout the publication process
6. Open Access Commitment
This journal provides immediate open access to all content, supporting the global exchange of knowledge without financial, legal, or technical barriers.
