Main Content
Lembaga Kita Journal Portal
Open Access Articles

Status Sintaksis “Bilih” dalam Bahasa Jawa Banyumasan: Analisis Frasa Pemerlengkap dalam Kerangka X-Bar

  • Vera Kristiana1
  • Mulyadi Mulyadi2*
1 Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al Washliyah image/svg+xml
2 University of North Sumatra image/svg+xml
* Corresponding Author: Mulyadi Mulyadi

Abstract

The study is motivated by the need to distinguish the descriptive function of bilih as a subordinating marker from its syntactic status as a potential complementizer. The study aims to describe the distribution and syntactic behavior of bilih. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a generative syntactic perspective. The analysis applies the X-Bar framework, particularly the CP structure in which C functions as the head and the clause as its complement. The findings indicate that bilih occurs consistently after predicates expressing knowledge, communication, perception, and mental attitude, and introduces propositional constructions containing active, passive, negative, and modal structures. Structurally, bilih can be analyzed as a candidate complementizer occupying the C position and projecting CP, while the following clause functions as its complement. These findings demonstrate that the syntactic status of bilih is better explained through its distribution and hierarchical structural relations than through its traditional classification as a subordinating conjunction.

Keywords

Banyumasan X-Bar complementizer phrase syntactic status

How to Cite

Citation Format
Kristiana, V., & Mulyadi, M. (2026). Status Sintaksis “Bilih” dalam Bahasa Jawa Banyumasan: Analisis Frasa Pemerlengkap dalam Kerangka X-Bar. LANCAH: Jurnal Inovasi Dan Tren, 4(2), 1325-1341. https://doi.org/10.35870/ljit.v4i2.9033

References

28 References
  • Bhatt, R., & Pancheva, R. (2006). Conditionals. In M. Everaert & H. van Riemsdijk (Eds.), The Blackwell companion to syntax (Vol. 1, pp. 638–687). Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470996591.ch16
  • Bresnan, J. W. (1970). On complementizers: Toward a syntactic theory of complement types. Foundations of Language, 6(3), 297–321.
  • Burukina, I. (2023). External merge in spec,CP: Complementizers projecting an argument. Syntax, 26(1), 85–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/synt.12246
  • Carnie, A. (2013). Syntax: A generative introduction (3rd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Castro-Chao, N. (2022). The emergence and loss of the English minor complementizers till and until. Journal of English Linguistics, 50(4), 354–383. https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242221126698
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2024). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Dixon, R. M. W. (2010). Basic linguistic theory: Volume 2, Grammatical topics. Oxford University Press.
  • Dixon, R. M. W., & Aikhenvald, A. Y. (Eds.). (2006). Complementation: A cross-linguistic typology. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199297870.001.0001
  • Englebretson, R. (2003). Searching for structure: The problem of complementation in colloquial Indonesian conversation (Studies in Discourse and Grammar, 13). John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/sidag.13
  • Haegeman, L. (1994). Introduction to government and binding theory (2nd ed.). Blackwell.
  • Hu, B., & Chen, H. (2024). On the finiteness of complement clauses in Chinese. International Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 11(2), 247–279. https://doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.00030.hu
  • Jeoung, H. N. (2018). Optional elements in Indonesian morphosyntax [Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania]. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/219381490.pdf
  • Karimah, I. (2022). Analisis kontrastif pemerlengkap (complementizer) dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia. FONEMA: Jurnal Edukasi Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 4(2), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.25139/fn.v4i2.4490
  • Kurniawan, J. N. D., & Subiyanto, A. (2023). Analytical causative construction in Banyumasan dialect and West Kalimantan Hakka dialect: A linguistic typology study. Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.24036/ld.v17i1.119188
  • Manzini, M. R., & Roussou, A. (2024). Recategorizing C. In G. Bocci, D. Botteri, C. Manetti, & V. Moscati (Eds.), Rich descriptions and simple explanations in morphosyntax and language acquisition (pp. 153–172). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198889472.003.0008
  • Mukramah, M., & Mulyadi, M. (2022). Konstruksi interogatif dalam bahasa Aceh: Teori X-Bar. Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 11(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v11i1.2114
  • Neeleman, A., Philip, J., Tanaka, M., & van de Koot, H. (2023). Subordination and binary branching. Syntax, 26(1), 41–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/synt.12244
  • Nimram, M. D., Azi, N. J., Nimram, D. N., Lagan, B. S., Umeh, A. I., & Nuhu, O. (2023). Exploring X-bar syntax as applied to English syntactic structures. Greener Journal of Languages and Literature Research, 8(1), 12–28.
  • Poedjosoedarmo, S. (1968). Javanese speech levels. Indonesia, 6, 54–81. https://hdl.handle.net/1813/53445
  • Purbandini, W. K. (2012). Konjungsi bahwa bahasa Indonesia. Sigma-Mu, 4(2), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.35313/sigmamu.v4i2.868
  • Putri, M. M., Mulyadi, M., & Gustianingsih, G. (2024). The structure of interrogative sentences in Langkat Malay: An analysis of X-bar theory. RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 10(2), 585–593. https://doi.org/10.22225/jr.10.2.2024.585-593
  • Rahmah, A., & Subiyanto, A. (2024). Syntactic analysis of Makassar question words: An X-bar theory approach. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 9(1), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v9i1.774
  • Rizzi, L. (1997). The fine structure of the left periphery. In L. Haegeman (Ed.), Elements of grammar: Handbook in generative syntax (pp. 281–337). Kluwer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5420-8_7
  • Schütze, C. T. (2021). The empirical base of linguistics: Grammaticality judgments and linguistic methodology. Language Science Press.
  • Schütze, C. T., & Sprouse, J. (2013). Judgment data. In R. J. Podesva & D. Sharma (Eds.), Research methods in linguistics (pp. 27–50). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139013734.004
  • Sembiring, H. B., & Mulyadi, M. (2019). Predikat kompleks bahasa Karo: Kajian X-bar. Lingua: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 15(2), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.15294/lingua.v15i2.18257
  • Sneddon, J. N., Adelaar, K. A., Djenar, D. N., & Ewing, M. C. (2010). Indonesian: A comprehensive grammar (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Wurmbrand, S. (2024). The size of clausal complements. Annual Review of Linguistics, 10, 59–83. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-031522-103802

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Vera Kristiana, Mulyadi Mulyadi

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This is an open-access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction, and adaptation in any medium (even commercially), provided appropriate credit is given to the original author(s), a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated. Authors retain copyright without restrictions and grant the journal the right of first publication as well as non-exclusive publishing rights for archiving, indexing, and scholarly dissemination.

Downloads

OJS UsageStats Plugin
Download data is not yet available.
Contrimetric

Recommended Articles