Pengaruh Upah Minimum Provinsi, PDRB, IPM, Dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Pulau Sumatra
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35870/jemsi.v12i1.5853Keywords:
Employment Absorption, Minimum Wage, Gross Regional Domestic Product, Human Development Index, Unemployment RateAbstract
Indonesia's economic development is a complex process that includes improving people's welfare, productivity and expanding employment opportunities. However, regional disparities are still evident, especially in several provinces on the island of Sumatra. There is a phenomenon of minimum wage increases without an increase in labor absorption (high wage low employment growth) and economic growth without job creation (jobless growth), resulting in an imbalance between economic growth and labor absorption, which slows down the rate of decline in the unemployment rate. This study aims to analyze the effect of UMP, PDRB, IPM, and unemployment rate on labor absorption in ten provinces in Sumatra during 2020-2024. The data was obtained from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) and analyzed using panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) method. The results of the analysis show that the UMP has a negative and significant effect on labor absorption, while the GRDP, HDI, and unemployment rate have a positive and significant effect on labor absorption in Sumatra in 2020–2024.
Downloads
References
Aji, A. C., & Ariani, M. B. N. (2024). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penyerapan tenaga kerja di 10 provinsi Pulau Sumatera tahun 2010-2022. Jurnal Of Development Economic and Digitalization, 3(2), 1–20.
Andhika, G. A., Husna, I. S., Utami, J. M. P., & Diniati, B. T. (2025). Pengaruh PDRB, upah minimum, pengangguran, dan jumlah penduduk terhadap tenaga kerja di Jawa Timur. Al-Idarah: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis Islam, 6(2), 287–305.
Azam, A., Rafiq, M., Shafique, M., & Yuan, J. (2023). Employment, fossil fuel energy, and human development index: A panel data investigation. Energies, 16, 1–18.
Basuki, A. T., & Prawoto, N. (2016). Analisis regresi dalam penelitian ekonomi & bisnis: Dilengkapi aplikasi SPSS & EVIEWS. PT. Rajagrafindo Persada.
Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press.
Budiasih, J. D., & Asmara, K. (2024). Pengaruh pendidikan, UMK, dan PDRB terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Provinsi Banten tahun 2012-2021. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Dan Akuntansi), 10(2), 826–836.
Chomariah, W. I., & Sri S, R. I. (2023). Analisis faktor-faktor penyerapan tenaga kerja sektor industri besar dan sedang. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Dan Akuntansi), 9(4), 1170–1181.
Dixon, R. (2024). Unemployment entry, exit, and Okun’s law: An analysis with Australian data. Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 27(1), 161–181.
Haider, A., Jabeen, S., Rankaduwa, W., & Shaheen, F. (2023). The nexus between employment and economic growth: A cross-country analysis. Sustainability, 15, 1–18.
Indradewa, I. G. A., & Natha, K. S. (2015). Pengaruh inflasi, PDRB, dan upah minimum terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Provinsi Bali. E-¬‐Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana, 4(8), 923–950.
Irfan, R. M., & Faridatussalam, S. R. (2023). Determinan penyerapan tenaga kerja di Karesidenan Pati tahun 2017-2021. Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 7(2), 1413–1418. https://doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v7i2.847.
Kartikawati, D., Darsono, & Sundari, M. T. (2019). The role of agriculture, forestry, and fishery sector in the development of Malinau District (location quotient and shift share approach). IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 314, 012077. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/314/1/012077.
Keynes, J. M. (1936). The general theory of employment, interest, and money. BN Publishing.
Maryati, S., Handra, H., & Muslim, I. (2021). Penyerapan tenaga kerja dan pertumbuhan ekonomi menuju era bonus demografi di Sumatra Barat. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.21002/jepi.2021.07.
Pangastuti, Y. (2015). Analysis of factors affecting labor absorption in Central Java. Journal of Economic Development Analysis, 4(2), 203–211.
Paun, C. V., Nechita, R., Patruti, A., & Topan, M. V. (2021). The impact of the minimum wage on employment: An EU panel data analysis. Sustainability, 13, 1–17.
Prayogo, I., & Hasmarini, M. I. (2022). Analisis pengaruh IPM, upah minimum, PDRB, dan jumlah penduduk terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Yogyakarta tahun 2018-2021. SEIKO: Journal of Management & Business, 5(2), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.37531/sejaman.vxix.3455.
Putri, E., Setyowati, E., & Rosyadi, I. (2022). Pengaruh produk domestik bruto (PDRB), upah minimum kota/kabupaten (UMK), dan indeks perkembangan manusia (IPM) terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2016-2019. Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 6(2), 651–655. https://doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v6i2.594.
Putriy, R. M., & Nurhayati, S. F. (2024). Analisis faktor-faktor penyerapan tenaga kerja di Karesidenan Pekalongan tahun 2017-2022. Journal of Economics Research and Policy Studies, 4(2), 173–183.
Saputri, I., & Boedi, A. (2018). Analisis sektor ekonomi unggulan pada kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 2(2), 217–229.
Susilowati, L., & Wahyuni, D. (2019). Pengaruh upah minimum terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja bidang industri di Indonesia. Equilibrium: Jurnal Ekonomi-Manajemen-Akuntansi, 15(2), 222–230.
Todaro, M. P. (2011). Pembangunan ekonomi. Erlangga.
Utomo, C. P. (2022). The factors of affecting labor absorption in Java Island. EFFICIENT: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics, 5(1), 1444–1452.
Wasilaputri, F. (2016). The influence of provincial minimum wage, GRDP, and investment on labor absorption in Java Island in 2010-2014. Journal of Education and Economics, 5(3), 243–250.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nissya Kaniaputri Jayadiwinata, Ruth Eviana Hutabarat
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Copyright Retention and Open Access License
Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal non-exclusive right of first publication under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
This license allows unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2. Rights Granted Under CC BY 4.0
Under this license, readers are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use
- No additional restrictions — the licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as license terms are followed
3. Attribution Requirements
All uses must include:
- Proper citation of the original work
- Link to the Creative Commons license
- Indication if changes were made to the original work
- No suggestion that the licensor endorses the user or their use
4. Additional Distribution Rights
Authors may:
- Deposit the published version in institutional repositories
- Share through academic social networks
- Include in books, monographs, or other publications
- Post on personal or institutional websites
Requirement: All additional distributions must maintain the CC BY 4.0 license and proper attribution.
5. Self-Archiving and Pre-Print Sharing
Authors are encouraged to:
- Share pre-prints and post-prints online
- Deposit in subject-specific repositories (e.g., arXiv, bioRxiv)
- Engage in scholarly communication throughout the publication process
6. Open Access Commitment
This journal provides immediate open access to all content, supporting the global exchange of knowledge without financial, legal, or technical barriers.
