Pentahelix Collaboration Dynamics in Sustainable Tourism Village Development: A Qualitative Study of Serangan Village, Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Financial inclusion — access to, and effective use of, formal financial services such as savings, credit, and digital payment — has been shown to significantly influence the optimization of sustainable tourism village development, and prior quantitative analysis conducted in Serangan Village, Denpasar, Bali, confirmed that pentahelix collaboration, a five-stakeholder partnership model bringing together government, community, academia, business, and media, significantly moderates this relationship. However, the social mechanisms underlying that moderation-how the five pentahelix elements (government, community, academia, business/financial institutions, and media) actually commit, communicate, coordinate, and sustain their partnership-remain underexplored in the literature, which has largely treated financial inclusion and pentahelix collaboration as separate constructs. This article aims to explore in depth the dynamics of pentahelix collaboration in supporting the optimization of sustainable tourism village development in Serangan Village, drawing on the qualitative strand of a larger mixed-methods study. Each pentahelix element was found to play a distinct yet complementary role. Local government provides policy support and destination promotion; the community, represented by Pokdarwis and BUMDes, undertakes daily conservation and tourism management; academia contributes training and financial-literacy assistance; business actors and financial institutions expand access to credit and digital payment; and media broadens promotional reach. Nevertheless, formal coordination among these elements-particularly between government and financial institutions- remains ad hoc, community financial-management capacity is limited, and the continuity of academic assistance programs depends heavily on short-term research and community-service grant cycles.