Job Crafting and Role Ambiguity in Adaptive Performance: The Parallel Mediating Roles of Self-Efficacy and Resilience Among Indonesian Educators
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35870/ijmsit.v6i2.7390Keywords:
Job crafting, Role ambiguity, Adaptive performance, Resilience, Self-efficacyAbstract
The increasing complexity of Islamic educational institutions requires educators and educational staff to demonstrate a high level of adaptability in responding to changing organizational demands and overlapping job roles. This study tests a dual parallel mediation model, in which self-efficacy and resilience act as mediators in the relationship between job crafting, role ambiguity, and adaptive performance. The study aims to address the lack of empirical evidence regarding the psychological mechanisms underlying adaptive performance among educators and educational staff in Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia. Employing an explanatory, cross-sectional quantitative design, this study gathered data through a structured survey completed by 152 PTK members drawn purposively from six private Islamic schools in Polokarto Sub-district, Sukoharjo Regency. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4 software. The results indicate that job crafting has a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy, resilience, and adaptive performance. Conversely, role ambiguity had a direct negative effect on adaptive performance, while its indirect effects via self-efficacy and resilience were not found to be significant. Furthermore, self-efficacy and resilience fully mediated the relationship between job crafting and adaptive performance, with resilience emerging as the strongest mediator (f² = 0.368). This study contributes to the development of the literature by integrating Social Cognitive Theory and the Job Demands–Resources Model into a single conceptual framework, while also affirming the central role of psychological resources in enhancing adaptive performance within the context of Islamic educational institutions in non-Western countries. Practically, educational institutions are advised to strengthen job crafting practices, improve role clarity, and develop programs to enhance psychological resources. For future research, it is recommended that researchers adopt a longitudinal design and include a wider variety of educational institutions, so that the findings can be generalized more broadly.
Downloads
References
Adam, A., Alim, A., & Maulana, D. (2020). Effect of Role Ambiguity and Fatigue on Employee Performance in Pelamonia Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 49(1), 203–205.
Bagdžiūnienė, D., Kazlauskienė, A., Nasvytienė, D., & Sakadolskis, E. (2023). Resources of emotional resilience and its mediating role in teachers’ well-being and intention to leave. Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 14-2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1305979
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2014). Job Demands–Resources Theory. 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118539415.wbwell019
Bandura, Albert. (1999). Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2: 21-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-839X.00024
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Cengiz, A., Yoder, L. H., & Danesh, V. (2021). A concept analysis of role ambiguity experienced by hospital nurses providing bedside nursing care. Nursing and Health Sciences, 23(4), 807–817. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12888
Charbonnier-Voirin, A., & Roussel, P. (2012). Adaptive performance: A new scale to measure individual performance in organizations. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 29(3), 280–293. https://doi.org/10.1002/CJAS.232
Chen, J., & Chi-Kin Lee, J. (2022). Teacher resilience matters: a buffering and boosting effect between job driving factors and their well-being and job performance. Teachers and Teaching, 28(7), 890–907. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2022.2116574
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Research design pendekatan kualitatif, kuantitatif, dan mixed. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 74.
Dağtaş, A., Zaimoğlu, S., & Toköz, F. (2024). Exploring the Landscape of Job Crafting in Teacher Education: A Systematic Review. Advanced Education, 12(25 SE-Literature Review), 179–199. https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.313936
Deutsche Welle. (2023). Faltam 44 milhões de professores no mundo, alerta Unesco. https://www.dw.com/pt-br/faltam-44-milhões-de-professores-no-mundo-alerta-unesco/a-66989801
F. Hair Jr, J., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & G. Kuppelwieser, V. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
Gashi Tresi, D., & Mihelič, K. K. (2018). The roles of self-efficacy and leader–member exchange in the relationship between job crafting and work–self facilitation: A moderated mediation model. Personnel Review, 47(7), 1362–1384. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-05-2017-0153
Hair, J., & Alamer, A. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1(3), 100027. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Kalkman, B. (2018). Concept analysis: Role ambiguity in senior nursing students. Nursing Forum, 53(2), 232–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12231
Kunzelmann, A., & Rigotti, T. (2021). How time pressure is associated with both work engagement and emotional exhaustion: The moderating effects of resilient capabilities at work. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(3), 309–336. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002220952741
Lee, J. Y., & Lee, Y. (2018). Job Crafting and Performance: Literature Review and Implications for Human Resource Development. Human Resource Development Review, 17(3), 277–313. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484318788269
Loughlin, E. M., & Priyadarshini, A. (2021). Adaptability in the workplace: Investigating the adaptive performance job requirements for a project manager. Project Leadership and Society, 2, 100012. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2021.100012
Milla, S. N., & Faizuddin, A. (2025). Academic Resilience Among Indonesian Trainee Teachers: A Comparative Study of Gender, Year of Study, and Academic Achievement. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counselling (IJEPC), 10(61 SE-Articles), 921–929. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.1061063
O. Iroanwusi, D. F. (2025). Role Clarification and Employee Adaptive Performance in Airline Operators in Rivers State. BW Academic Journal, SE-Articles. https://bwjournal.org/index.php/bsjournal/article/view/3260
Pew Research Center. (2023). Teachers’ views on staffing shortages and job stress. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2024/04/04/whats-it-like-to-be-a-teacher-in-america-today/
Pulakos, E. D., Arad, S., Donovan, M. A., & Plamondon, K. E. (2000). Adaptability in the workplace: Development of a taxonomy of adaptive performance. In Journal of Applied Psychology (Vol. 85, Issue 4, pp. 612–624). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.4.612
Rudolph, C. W., Katz, I. M., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017). Job crafting: A meta-analysis of relationships with individual differences, job characteristics, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 112–138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.05.008
Shin, Y., Hur, W.-M., Park, K., & Hwang, H. (2020). How managers’ job crafting reduces turnover intention: The mediating roles of role ambiguity and emotional exhaustion. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113972
Signore, F., Ingusci, E., De Carlo, E., Catalano, A. A., Cortese, C. G., & Ciavolino, E. (2025). Job crafting and its role in fostering personal resources and adaptation to change in the context of a pandemic. Frontiers in Organizational Psychology, Volume 3-. https://doi.org/10.3389/forgp.2025.1576289
Silva, A. J., & Rodrigues, R. (2024). A ff ective mechanisms linking role ambiguity to employee turnover. 32(11), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-08-2023-3891
Steiner, E. D., & Woo, A. (2021). Job-related stress threatens the teacher supply: Key findings from the 2021 State of the U.S. Teacher Survey. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org
Sulistiyorini, D., & Safitri, D. O. (2023). The Effect of Job Crafting and Resilience on the Adaptive Performance of Start-Up Developer Employees in Malang City. Jurnal Sains Psikologi, 12(2), 327. https://doi.org/10.17977/um023v12i22023p327-333
Tamez-Robledo, N. (2025). The world’s classrooms are short 44 million teachers. EdSurge. https://www.edsurge.com/news/2025-09-25-the-world-s-classrooms-are-short-44-million-teachers
UNESCO. (2024). Global report on teachers: Addressing teacher shortages and transforming the profession. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/global-report-teachers-addressing-teacher-shortages-and-transforming-profession
Usher, E. L., & Morris, D. B. (2023). Self-efficacy. In Encyclopedia of Mental Health, Third Edition: Volume 1-3 (Vol. 3, pp. V3-117). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91497-0.00085-0
Vakola, M., Xanthopoulou, D., & Demerouti, E. (2023). Daily Job Crafting and Adaptive Performance During Organizational Change Daily Job Crafting and Adaptive Performance During Organizational Change: The Moderating Role of Managers’ In fl uence Tactics. 2023. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/00218863221133622
Vaughan-Johnston, T. I., & Jacobson, J. A. (2020). Self-efficacy theory. In The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, Models and Theories (pp. 375–379). wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119547143.ch62
Wang, S., & Hsu, I.-C. (2014). The effect of role ambiguity on task performance through self-efficacy-A contingency perspective. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 61(4), 681–689. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2014.2356341
Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. (2001). Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work. Academy of Management Review, 26, 179–201. https://doi.org/10.2307/259118
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Azam Makarim, Muzakar Isa, Jati Waskito
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Copyright Retention and Open Access License
Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal non-exclusive right of first publication under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
This license allows unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2. Rights Granted Under CC BY 4.0
Under this license, readers are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use
- No additional restrictions — the licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as license terms are followed
3. Attribution Requirements
All uses must include:
- Proper citation of the original work
- Link to the Creative Commons license
- Indication if changes were made to the original work
- No suggestion that the licensor endorses the user or their use
4. Additional Distribution Rights
Authors may:
- Deposit the published version in institutional repositories
- Share through academic social networks
- Include in books, monographs, or other publications
- Post on personal or institutional websites
Requirement: All additional distributions must maintain the CC BY 4.0 license and proper attribution.
5. Self-Archiving and Pre-Print Sharing
Authors are encouraged to:
- Share pre-prints and post-prints online
- Deposit in subject-specific repositories (e.g., arXiv, bioRxiv)
- Engage in scholarly communication throughout the publication process
6. Open Access Commitment
This journal provides immediate open access to all content, supporting the global exchange of knowledge without financial, legal, or technical barriers.
